Oxiracetam andd-pyroglutamic acid antagonize a disruption of passive avoidance behaviour induced by the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate

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Abstract
Intracerebroventricular administration (6 µg/2 µl) ofd-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (AP-5), a specific antagonist of the NMDA receptors, prior to training impaired the passive avoidance in a retention test in rat. Pretreatment with oxiracetam andd-pyroglutamic acid at doses ranging from 50 to 500 mg/kg SC dose-dependently prevented the disruptive effect of AP-5. This finding indicates that an interaction with excitatory amino acid NMDA type receptors may be important in behavioural effects of the two pyrrolidinone derivatives.