Theory of Clarifier Operation. III. Sludge Blanket and Upflow Reactor-Clarifiers

Abstract
The operation of three designs of axially symmetric continuous-flow upflow clarifiers is modeled by means of the continuity equations. Class III operation (hindered settling) with flocculating slurries is considered, and the larger particles are permitted to disintegrate under the influence of viscous drag forces by a first-order process. The equations are integrated numerically, and the dependence of clarifier performance on clarifier type and hydraulic loadings is explored. A number of applications to clarifier design are suggested.

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