Spectroscopy ofPd106by Direct (d,p) and (p,α) Reaction Studies

${\mathrm{Pd}}^{106}$ was investigated by the ${\mathrm{Pd}}^{105}\mathrm{}(d,p)\mathrm{}{\mathrm{Pd}}^{106}$ and ${\mathrm{Ag}}^{109}(p,\alpha ){\mathrm{Pd}}^{106}$ reactions at Van de Graaff bombarding energies of 17 and 12 MeV, respectively. Particle analysis for the stripping study employed nuclear emulsions in an Enge split-pole spectrograph and yielded 10-12-keV resolution for the detected protons of 21-24 MeV. Comparison of measured ($d,p$) angular distributions with nonlocal, finite-range distorted-wave Born-approximation (DWBA) calculations led to $l$-value assignments, $J^{\pi }$ limits, and spectroscopic strengths for 34 transitions. The deduced values $U_{\mathrm{lj}}^{}{}_{}{}^2$ were 0.42 for 2d states and 0.80 for the $3s_{\frac{1}{2}}$ neutron orbital and agree to within 10% with our ($d,t$)-derived occupancies for the same ${\mathrm{Pd}}^{105}$ target. The low ${\mathrm{Ag}}^{109}(p,\alpha )$ yield at 12-MeV incident energy necessitated use of thick targets (130 μg/${\mathrm{cm}}^2$) and large solid angles, which led to resolutions of about 35-40 keV for Si counter data and 20 keV for spectrograph analysis. Angular distributions for ten ($p,\alpha$) transitions were measured out to 150° and compared with local, zero-range DWBA predictions. Based on a macroscopic triton-transfer model, these calculations were particularly successful in duplicating the $j$ dependence observed in the $p_{\frac{1}{2}}$ ground-state transition. A modified ${\mathrm{Pd}}^{106}$-level scheme incorporating our results with the previous literature is presented and includes 20 new states from the present studies.