Circulatory and ventilatory effects of hypervolaemia in artificially ventilated piglets
Open Access
- 1 July 1981
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Nature in Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie
- Vol. 28 (4) , 356-362
- https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03007803
Abstract
The influence of hypervolaemia upon circulation and pulmonary ventilation was studied in six piglets (body weights 8.5–10.5 kg). A new functional principle for artificial ventilation was used. The alveolar ventilation was unchanged at normovolaemia and hypervolaemia. Arterial blood gases were sampled and end-tidal carbon dioxide concentrations were measured continuously. Central circulation was followed by pressure recordings and an electromagnetic flow meter for cardiac output measurements. Mean values ± SEM of end-inspiratory tracheal pressures increased from 0.98 ± 0.06 kPa at normovolaemia to 1.57 ± 0.06 kPa at hypervolaemia (p < 0.02). In all animals total compliance decreased (p < 0.02). Simultaneously the insufflation time for the tidal volume decreased by 13 percent (p < 0.05). Arterial oxygen tensions decreased from 8.5 ± 0.48 kPa to 7.0± 0.77kPa (p< 0.05). During hypervolaemia aortic pressures increased from 13.1± 1.3kPato 14.9 ± 0.8 kPa(p< 0.05), pulmonary artery pressures from 2.8 ± 0.33 kPa to 5.0 ± 0.53 kPa (p < 0.02) and cardiac output from 1.07 ±0.17 l · min-1 to 1.5 ± 0.19 l min ·-1 (p< 0.02). The stroke work for the right heart increased by 74 per cent (p < 0.02) and for the left heart by 62 per cent (p < 0.02). Pulmonary vascular resistance was unchanged, while systemic vascular resistance was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The positive effect upon systemic circulation gained by the use of excessive fluid therapy resulted in an overcirculation within the lungs which reduced pulmonary ventilation. This reduction could most probably be related to a closure of terminal airways secondary to lung hyperperfusion, increasing the pulmonary shunt. Les réprecussions circulatoires et respiratoires de l’hypervolémie ont été étudiées chez six porcelets de 8.5 à 10.5 kg. La ventilation artificielle des animaux était assurée au moyen d’un appareil fonctionnant selon un nouveau principe assurant une ventilation alvéolaire constante à la fois en normovalémie et en hypervolémie. Les gaz artériels et la Pco2 de fin d’expiration étaient mesurés de façon continue. Des canules appropriées permettaient le monitoring de la circulation centrale et un débit-mètre électromagnétique fournissait les mesures du débit cardiaque. La Paco 2 diminutait en hypervolémie. Les compliances pulmonaires totales, thoracique et pulmonaire ainsi que le temps d’insufflation du volume courant étaient significativement diminués après surtransfusion des animaux. On notait d’autre part que le débit cardiaque, les pressions aortiques et pulmonaires et le travail d’éjection des ventricules droit et gauche s’élevaient dans ces circonstances. Les résistances vasculaires pulmonaires n’étient pas modifiées, alors que l’on observait une diminution significative des résistances vasculaires périphériques. Les effets circulatoires positifs d’une hypervolémie se traduisent done par une augmentation de la circulation pulmonaire avec diminution de la ventilation. Cette diminution est probablement due à la fermeture des bronchioles terminales par augmentation de la perfusion pulmonaire avec augmentation du shunt. Au cours de la ventilation artificielle chez le patient en condition critique, les répercussions respiratoires d’une hypervolémie peuvent être compensées par l’utilisation d’une pause en fin d’inspiration et d’une PEEP.Keywords
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