Hydrophilic gels based on copolymers of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate with methacrylamide and acrylamide

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Abstract
Copolymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate with methacrylamide or acrylamide and a crosslinking agent in the presence of water or other diluents yielded transparent hydrogels with a varying degree of swelling and varying sorption properties. The equilibrium degree of swelling increases with increasing content of amide groups and exhibits a maximum at ca. 60 wt‐% methacrylamide. The temperature dependence of swelling at 25–50°C changes from negative to positive with growing content of methacrylamide in the copolymer. The effect of the introduction of the amide groups can be interpreted by a weakening of the extent of hydrophobic interactions and by an increase in the role played by the hydrogen bonds. At the same time, the swelling‐in effect of the salting‐in anions decreases and the sensitivity to the sorption of metal cations increases. The increasing content of methacrylamide is reflected in an increase in the modulus, tensile strength, and elongation‐at‐break in gels swollen to the same degree. In gels swollen in water to equilibrium, the positive effect of methacrylamide units is compensated for by the negative effect of the increasing degree of swelling, so that the mechanical properties of these gels do not depend too much on the composition of the copolymer. The increasing content of acrylamide in the copolymer strongly raises the degree of swelling, which is reflected in poorer mechanical properties compared to poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate).