Estimation of τ1 for the host Kramers' Ln3+ ions (Ln ≡ Nd, Sm and Yb) from the EPR linewidths of Gd3+ impurity ions in Ln2(SO4)3.8 H2O

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Abstract
It is shown that the EPR linewidth data published by Misra and Mikolajczak [5] for Gd3+ impurity ions in Ln2(SO4) 3.8 H2O (Ln ≡ Nd, Sm and Yb) single crystals at 77 and 300 K can be used to estimate the effective spin-lattice relaxation time of Kramers' host ions. The various relaxation mechanisms which are operative in the lanthanides are reviewed and discussed. The estimated relaxation times are shown to be a sensitive function of the host ion energy level splittings and the temperature. The estimated effective spin-lattice relaxation times in these hosts are in reasonable agreement with those expected from a resonance Orbach process