Chimeric mice derived from human—mouse hybrid cells

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Abstract
Mouse teratocarcinoma cells from the OTT6050 ascites testicular tumor were established in tissue culture and selected for 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) resistance. The embryonal carcinoma cells grew without a feeder layer, remained deficient for thymidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.75) and differentiated like the original tumor into various tissues after s.c. injection into 129 mice. BrdUrd-resistant mouse teratocarcinoma cells were fused with HT1080-6TG human diploid fibrosarcoma cells deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8) and selected for hybrid cells in hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine medium. The resulting hybrid cells segregated human chromosomes quickly and retained 1-3 human chromosomes including chromosome 17 that carries the human genes for thymidine kinase and galactokinase (EC 2.7.1.6). Single hybrid cells from 5 independent clones containing human chromosome 17 were injected into mouse blastocysts bearing several genetic markers that affect the coat color phenotype and strain-specific enzyme variants to detect tissue differentiation derived from the injected cells. After injection of single hybrid cells into 103 experimental blastocysts surgically transferred to pseudopregnant foster mothers, 49 mice were born and 2 of them revealed coat mosaicism. In 2 of 17 mice thus far analyzed, the injected hybrid cells proved to be capable of participating substantially in development of 7 organs. Human gene products were not detected unequivocally in those tissues and weak human-specific galactokinase activity could be recovered only from 2 mosaic tissues. After in vitro culture and selection, at least some of the human-mouse hybrid cells still retain their in vivo potential to differentiate and become functionally integrated in the living organism. It now seems feasible to cycle mouse teratocarcinoma cells carrying human genetic material through mice via blastocyst injection to study human gene expression during differentiation.