Hemagglutination and the Closest Distance of Approach of Normal, Neuraminidase‐ and Papain‐Treated Erythrocytes

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Abstract
By means of potential energy versus distance diagrams, derived from electrophoretic and surface tension data, the minimum distances of approach of normal (NOR) and of neuraminidase-treated (NEU) and papain-treated (PAP) human erythrocytes could be determined. The minimum distances between the actual cell membranes of two opposing red cells are: 184 Å (NOR), 111 Å (NEU), and 113 Å (PAP), which agrees well with the fact that anti-D (Rho) antibodies of the IgG-class (which have a maximum distance of ≅ 120 Å between the two antibody-active sites) can hemagglutinate NEU and PAP cells, but are incapable of hemagglutinating normal D (Rho)-positive erythrocytes.