Properties and applications of surface wave produced plasmas

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Abstract
Long quiescent, stable and reproducible cylindrical plasma columns can be obtained as a result of the propagation of electromagnetic surface waves. The frequency of these waves is of the order of the electron-plasma frequency and it lies in that part (≃ 300-4 000 MHz) of the microwave spectrum where power generators with large enough output powers are readily available, at reasonable cost. Moreover, these waves can be excited very efficiently by using appropriate launching structures such as the surfatron. Such plasmas can, in certain instances, advantageously replace the positive column of DC discharges. This paper reviews the properties of the plasma columns sustained by the azimuthally symmetric surface wave. Special attention is given to the radial and axial electron density distributions, as well as to the radial density distributions of excited (radiative and metastable) atoms. Some demonstrated applications as well as further potential applications are also presented