Annexin 5 as a potential regulator of annexin 1 phosphorylation by protein kinase C. In vitro inhibition compared with quantitative data on annexin distribution in human endothelial cells

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Abstract
In vitro phosphorylation of annexin 1 by purified rat brain protein kinase C (PKC) has been studied in the presence of annexin 5, which is not a substrate for PKC. Annexin 5 promoted a dose-dependent inhibition of annexin 1 phosphorylation, which could be overcome by increasing the concentration of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer). In addition, a close relationship was found between the amount of PtdSer uncovered by annexin 5 and the residual phosphorylation of annexin 1. These data fit with the ‘surface depletion model’ explaining the antiphospholipase activity of annexins. In order to check the possibility that the in vitro effect of annexin 5 could be of some physiological relevance, annexins 1, 2, and 5, as well as the light chain of calpactin 1 (p11), have been quantified in human endothelial cells by measuring the radioactivity bound to the proteins after Western blotting with specific antibodies and 125I-labelled secondary antibody. Our data indicate that annexins 1 and 5, PKC and PtdSer are present in human endothelial cells in relative amounts very similar to those used in vitro under conditions permitting the detection of the inhibitory effect of annexin 5. Since annexin 1 remained refractory to PKC-dependent phosphorylation in intact cells, we suggest that annexin 5 might exert its inhibitory effect towards PKC in vivo, provided that its binding to phospholipids can occur at physiological (micromolar) concentrations of Ca2+. This was previously shown to occur in vitro using phosphatidylethanolamine/phosphatidic acid vesicles [Blackwood and Ernst (1990) Biochem. J. 266, 195-200]. Using identical assay conditions, which also allowed expression of PKC activity, annexin 5 again inhibited annexin 1 phosphorylation without interfering with PKC autophosphorylation. These data suggest that annexins 1 and 5 might interact with each other on the lipid surface, resulting in a specific inhibition of annexin 1 phosphorylation by PKC. Whether a similar mechanism also occurs in vivo remains to be determined.