Clinically localised prostate cancer

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Abstract
What factors increase prostate cancer risk? Advanced age is the primary risk factor for prostate cancer. About 80% of cases, and 90% of deaths, occur in men over the age of 65.1 The prevalence of subclinical prostate cancer is high at all ages and greatly exceeds the lifetime risk of dying of prostate cancer (3%). Geographical variation is probably due to racial, dietary, and environmental factors as well as differences in the intensity of cancer detection efforts. Prostate cancer is more common in black men and those with a first degree relative who has had prostate cancer. Mortality may be associated with obesity.2 High intake of dairy products and calcium as well as red meat have been claimed to increase risk, though any effect is small.3 Testosterone replacement to treat erectile dysfunction and enhance libido, muscle strength, and wellbeing is popular despite little information about potential risks of prostate cancer or benign prostate problems.w2