Psychiatric Aspects of Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus

Abstract
Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) was described in 1964 (Adams, 1965; Hakim, 1965) and defined by the symptom triad: dementia, motor disturbance, and sphincter disturbance. The original publication by Adams already contained a reference to psychiatric symptoms: depression, slowness, hallucinations, and apathy. Rice & Gendelman (1973) reported five cases, and commented on the development of both early cognitive impairment and behavioural regression, suggesting that personality factors might play a role in the appearance of latter symptoms. Trevor et al (1977) described a case suffering from psychotic depression, paranoid symptoms, inadequate affect, and self-destructive behaviour.

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