P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 Mediates L-Selectin–dependent Leukocyte Rolling in Venules

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Abstract
Leukocyte rolling in postcapillary venules of inflamed tissues is reduced in L-selectin–deficient mice and mice treated with L-selectin blocking antibodies, but the glycoprotein ligand for L-selectin in inflamed venules is unknown. Here, we show that L-selectin–dependent rolling after P-selectin blockade is completely absent in P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1)−/− mice or wild-type mice treated with a PSGL-1 blocking monoclonal antibody. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry failed to show PSGL-1 expression on resting or inflamed endothelium or on platelets. To investigate whether leukocyte-expressed PSGL-1 is mediating L-selectin–dependent rolling, we reconstituted lethally irradiated wild-type mice with PSGL-1−/− bone marrow cells. These chimeric mice showed no L-selectin–dependent rolling, suggesting that leukocyte-expressed PSGL-1 mediates L-selectin–dependent rolling. Frame-to-frame video analysis of L-selectin–dependent rolling in wild-type mice showed that the majority of observed L-selectin–dependent leukocyte rolling was between free flowing leukocytes and already adherent leukocytes or possibly leukocyte fragments, followed by E-selectin–dependent leukocyte rolling along the endothelium. Leukocyte rolling was significantly slower for leukocyte–endothelial than leukocyte–leukocyte interactions. We conclude that leukocyte-expressed PSGL-1 serves as the main L-selectin ligand in inflamed postcapillary venules. L-selectin binding to PSGL-1 initiates tethering events that enable L-selectin–independent leukocyte-endothelial interactions. These findings provide a molecular mechanism for the inflammatory defects seen in L-selectin–deficient mice.