Transdifferentiation of Adult Frog Iris in Retina or Lens by Exogeneous Influences

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Abstract
The mechanisms of transdifferentiation of iris epithelial cells of Rana temporaria (Anura) in culture, depending on influences from different sources, were studied. In terminally differentiated iris cells the process of transdifferentiation is initiated by dedifferentiation. Melanosomes are shed from iris cells due to cell surface activity. After depigmentation, iris epithelial cells become capable of proliferating and can react to the influences of various exogenous factors. Under the influence of retinal factors secreted by lentectomized tadpole eyes, both dorsal and ventral irises are converted to neural retina. Under the influence of factors from eye vesicles, the irises are converted to neural retina as well. Similar results were obtained in transfilter experiments, in which a 3-day period of transfilter interaction between the irises and eye vesicles ensured depigmentation of the iris followed by transdedifferentiation into complete NR with visual receptor. Lentoid formation occurred under the influence of adult frog lens epithelium. Immunofluorescent analysis confirmed the lens nature of the lentoids. In control experiments under the conditions of the tadpole eye orbit, in which programming influences were absent, iris epithelial cells remained unaffected. The problem of true cell-reprogramming to new differentiation in contrast to expression of inherent properties of the iris epithelial cells is discussed.