The influence of winter nutritional depressions on the growth, reproduction and production of cattle

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Abstract
1. During the period May 1948 to May 1952, a study was made of the influence of seasonal fluctuations in the nutritive value of the natural pastures in the Bankenveld region of the Transvaal, on the growth, reproduction and production of cattle. The paired method of investigation was adopted, each heifer maintained on grazing alone having a related counterpart of the same age which received supplementary feeding during the winter months. The former treatment was termed ‘Low plane’, and the latter referred to as the ‘High plane’. Four breeds were included in the investigation, viz. Friesians and Jerseys, and Shorthorns and Afrikaners, thus representative of both dairy and beef types. The latter breed also represented the stock indigenous to South Africa. Initially five pairs per breed were studied, but deaths and other causes depleted the numbers to twenty-eight head after 4 years of investigation.2. Since the investigation formed part of a series of studies which have been in progress at the University of Pretoria and Agricultural Research Institute during the past two decades, the results of which hitherto remained unpublished, a review is provided in the early chapters. To furnish some indication of the natural conditions ruling in the Bankenveld region, the agro-ecological background is discussed, particular attention being paid to physical and nutritional factors. It is shown that for at least 6 months of the year the climate tends to be subtropical, whilst the results of digestion trials on pasture samples, indicated serious nutritional depressions in the natural grazing during winter.