Mitochondrial permeability transition mediates apoptosis induced by N‐methyl(R)salsolinol, an endogenous neurotoxin, and is inhibited by Bcl‐2 and rasagiline, N‐propargyl‐1(R)‐aminoindan

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Abstract
The role of mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) in apoptosis induced by an endogenous neurotoxin, N‐methyl(R)salsolinol [NM(R)Sal], was studied by use of dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells. NM(R)Sal reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, ΔΨm, in the early phase of apoptosis, which was not suppressed by a pan‐caspase inhibitor, but was antagonized by Bcl‐2 and cyclosporin A, suggesting the involvement of the PT in NM(R)Sal‐induced loss of ΔΨm. NM(R)Sal‐induced apoptosis was completely inhibited not only by Bcl‐2 and a pan‐caspase inhibitor, but also by cyclosporin A, suggesting the essential role of the PT in NM(R)Sal‐induced apoptosis. In mitochondria isolated from rat liver, NM(R)Sal induced swelling and reduced ΔΨm, which was inhibited by cyclosporin A and Bcl‐2 overexpression. These results indicate that NM(R)Sal induced the PT by direct action on the mitochondria. Rasagiline, N‐propargyl‐1(R)‐aminoindan, which is a now under a clinical trial for Parkinson's disease, suppressed the ΔΨm reduction, release of cytochrome c, and apoptosis induced by NM(R)Sal in SH‐SY5Y cells. Rasagiline also inhibited the NM(R)Sal‐induced loss of ΔΨm and swelling in the isolated mitochondria, proving that rasagiline directly targets the mitochondria also. Altogether, mitochondrial PT plays a key role both in NM(R)Sal‐induced cell death and the neuroprotective effect of rasagiline.

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