Structure‐activity relationships for osteolathyrism: IV. Para‐substituted benzoic acid hydrazides and alkyl carbazates

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Abstract
Nine benzoic acid hydrazides and carbazates were assayed for toxicity and teratogenicity by using early embryos of the frog Xenopus laevis. The results of the 96‐h static tests were used for quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) analyses. Each compound induced the connective tissue defect osteolathyrism. Regression analyses indicated toxicity (LC50) and teratogenicity (EC50) were best correlated with the STERIMOL width parameter B1, but due to redundancy in B1 values for the test chemicals and the relatively low r2 for the models, those equations should be used with caution. The mortality/malformation index (MMI) was negatively correlated with molar refractivity (MR). The relationships indicate that steric interactions may be important in explaining the variation in biological activity due to changes in chemical structure. Frog embryo teratogenesis assay: Xenopus (FETAX) may be useful in aquatic toxicology hazard assessment, evaluating developmental malformation.