Structure-Activity Relationships for Osteolathyrism. I. Effects of Altering the Semicarbazide Structure

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Abstract
The toxic and osteolathyrogenic effects of 15 chemicals reflecting modifications of semicarbazide [H2N-N(H)-C(.dbd.O)-NH2] were evaluated using the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus (FETAX). Osteolathyrism, the failure of connective tissue fibers to cross-link correctly, is expressed as gross alterations in the long axis of the embryo and a sinusoidal configuration of the notochord. Alteration (addition or subtraction) at the hydrazino (H2NNH-) end of the molecule sharply reduces osteolathyrogenic activity. Alteration at the amino (H12N-) end of the molecule results in a graded response. The replacement of oxygen with sulfur causes no loss of osteolathyrogenic activity.