Mass transfer efficiency between harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) mothers and their pups during lactation

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Abstract
We investigated the efficiency of mass transfer in lactating harp seals through serial measurements on individual mother‐pup pairs during the whelping seasons of 1988 and 1989. We also compared the influence of longitudinal versus cross‐sectional sampling on estimates of the efficiency of mass transfer. Among longitudinally sampled pairs, pups grew at an average rate of 2·3 ± 0·5 (mean ± S.D.) kg/d (N = 20). The concomitant mass loss by females averaged 3·1 ± 0·8 kg/d (N = 19). The mean efficiency of mass transfer was 77·0 ± 13·6% (N= 19 pairs).Estimates of pup growth and female mass loss from regressions of cross‐sectional data were 2·0 kg/d and 3·1 kg/d, respectively. These values produce an estimate of 65% for the efficiency of mass transfer.Consistent with the high efficiency of mass transfer, harp seal females contribute less of their total body mass to nursing (c. 28%) than most other phocids examined. The resulting energy savings may be important for females of an ice‐breeding species, which migrate a long distance shortly after weaning their pups