Direct reading dc electro-optic voltmeter with high input resistance

Abstract
A voltmeter based on the linear electro‐optic effect in LiNbO3 has been constructed. Using a compensation technique with two crystals, electric decoupling of the input circuit and the electronic monitoring circuit is achieved. The detected photocurrent is fed back to the second crystal by a solid state high‐voltage amplifier. This compensating voltage is monitored on a digital panel meter. Direct‐ current voltages up to ±1200 V have been measured with an absolute accuracy of ±0.5% ±1 digit over the whole range. The input resistance and input capacitance are Ri=2×1015 Ω and Ci=5 pF, respectively.
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