The shock induced electrical polarization of water

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Abstract
Experiment and theory for shock wave induced electrical polarization signals in water have now been carried out. The consistent interpretation of the results is (i) a shock front rise time of ∼ 10−12 s throughout the shock pressure range of 100 to 35 kbar (3.5 Pa) and probably down to at least 6 kbar, (ii) a transition in the source of the dominant polarization voltage to the alignment of unbonded dipole moments at ∼ 35 kbar, and (iii) in the unbonded region, the average contributing dipole is perfectly aligned in the direction of shock propagation. Additionally, in the unbonded pressure range, the calculated concentration of unbonded molecules is approximately equal to the hydrostatic equivalent concentration of ions.

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