Lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of the competence gene KC in vascular endothelial cells is mediated through protein kinase C

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Abstract
The KC gene is a cell cycle-dependent competence gene originally identified in platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated BALB/c-3T3 cells. This gene is also induced in murine peritoneal macrophages in response to activation stimuli. We have examined the expression of the KC gene in cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells following treatment with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a first step in defining the early molecular events involved in endothelial cell stimulation by physiologically relevant modulators. LPS markedly elevated the steady-state level of KC mRNA in confluent endothelial cells; maximum induction of KC occurred in the cells following exposure to 10 ng/ml LPS for 2 h. LPS did not increase the growth fraction of the cells, nor was the KC mRNA level changed in dense endothelial cells stimulated to enter the cell cycle with epidermal growth factor. However, KC mRNA expression was elevated by addition of serum to starved, subconfluent endothelial cell cultures. Treatment of endothelial cells with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol (OAG) also induced KC gene expression. A maximum response was obtained with 10 nM PMA, the effect decreasing with higher levels of the phorbol ester. The calcium ionophore A23187 exhibited little stimulatory activity alone; however, the ionophore did cause a doubling in the PMA-stimulated KC expression. The increased expression of KC induced by LPS and PMA was inhibited by the presence of 1-(5-isoquinoline-sulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H7), a protein kinase C inhibitor, but not by HA1004 (an H7 analogue with little protein kinase C inhibitory activity). No cytotoxicity was observed in inhibitor or LPS-treated endothelial cell cultures. These results demonstrate that KC gene expression is stimulated by LPS in vascular endothelial cells in a proliferation-independent process. Second, unlike LPS-induced KC expression in macrophages and platelet-derived growth factor-induced KC expression in 3T3 cells, LPS induction of KC in endothelial cells appears to require activation of protein kinase C.