Elevated levels of prostaglandin E2 in Yoshida hepatoma and the inhibition of tumour growth by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

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Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) E2 biosynthesis in Yoshida hepatoma (AH 130) was evaluated by radioimmunoassay. When hepatoma cells were incubated in vitro, the levels of PGE2 in the medium were similar to those found in hepatocytes for the first 2 h, this was followed by a rapid increase in PGE2 formation, and the 6h incubation levels were 4-fold higher than in hepatocytes. Addition of sodium arachidonate markedly and dose-dependently stimulated PGE2 synthesis, the increase was largely prevented by the addition of indomethacin (1 microM) or L 8027, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor. Experiments in vivo indicated that indomethacin treatment of tumour-bearing rats significantly reduced the tumour mass. When rats were injected with PGE2 after receiving the drug, the number of tumour cells was very similar to that of untreated animals. This, as well as the inhibition of tumour growth by acetylsalicylic acid, strongly suggests that the inhibition of PG biosynthesis by anti-inflammatory drugs and the inhibition of tumour proliferation may be closely associated events. It was also found that injections of indomethacin very significantly prolonged survival of hepatoma-bearing rats. Since PGE2 does not appear to affect the cyclic AMP levels of hepatoma cells, it is possible that hepatoma may use PGE2 to subvert the immune system. This could help to explain the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory drugs in the control of tumour growth.