The Penetration of Piperonyl Butoxide as a Synergist and as an Antagonist in Musca domestica L.1

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Abstract
Penetration studies were made on 4-day-old male house flies (Musca domestica L) with Sevin® (1-naphthyl-N-methyl carbamate) and piperonyl butoxide as a synergist, and malathion and piperonyl butoxide as an antagonist. Topical applications were made and groups of 100 flies were held for four time intervals, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours, then extracted externally and internally. Companion treatments of piperonyl butoxide alone were extracted at those time intervals. The extracts were evaporated and the methylenedioxyphenyl color complex developed and read at 660 mμ. The rates of piperonyl butoxide penetration alone and with the toxicant were generally the same. A difference in the percentage of penetration and probably metabolism was observed between the two different levels of piperonyl butoxide, the lower level penetrating more rapidly percentagewise than the higher concentration. The penetration rate of piperonyl butoxide does not appear to determine its role as a synergist or antagonist.

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