Soil and Kernel Mycoflora of Groundnut Fields in Israel

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Abstract
Soil mycoflora in 12 groundnut fields of different edaphic and climatic conditions throughout Israel was studied. The greatest number of fungi per g of soil was found in the Huleh peat location (217,000), whereas other locations gave lower counts (20,000-80,000). No significant differences were found on the 4 collection trips. A list is given of the 95 species that were isolated from soils. Those that occurred in at least 6 fields were: Mucor racemosus, Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergillus amstelodami, A. flavus, A. nidulans, A. niger A. sulpfaireus, A. ustus A. versicoTor, A. wentii, PenicfUium funiculosum, P. lilacinum, Cephalosporium curtipes, Fusarium equiseti, F. oxysporum, F. solani, Hormodendrum nigrescens, Myro-thectum verrucarla, PaecHomyces flavescens, Trichoderma lignorum, and Rhizbctonia spp. The others were found in fewer locations. The mycoflora of freshly-collected kernels from the same fields was found to be poorer, comprising only 34 species. Those found in at least 6 samples were: Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Peniclllium ftiniculosum, P. rubrum, Fusarium oxysporum, and F. solani. Species that were common in soils and kernels were found on the groundnut shells as well.