NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLIOVIRUS TYPE II, COXSACKIE B3, AND VACCINIA VIRUSES BY CONTINUOUS ANIMAL CELL CULTURES

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Abstract
The nutri-tional requirements, in terms of the components of medium 199, for the support of virus production in 4 continuous cell cultures were investigated. The amino acid L-cystine was found to be necessary for the support of Coxsackie B3 and vaccinia viruses in rabbit kidney, chick embryo vascular endothelium, monkey heart, and to some extent in HeLa cell cultures. The support of poliovirus type II in monkey heart cells also requires L-cystine. Near maximal titers of poliovirus type II were produced by rabbit kidney and HeLa cell cultures in a balanced salt solution + glucose + glutamine medium in the absence of L-cystine. Coxsackie B3 virus could be adsorbed onto monkey heart cells in the absence of L-cystine. Thioglycolate, ascorbic acid, and glutathione were incapable of effectively replacing cystine or cysteine in the support of Coxsackie B3 virus in monkey heart cells.