Course of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in the Middle Ear Fluid of the Guinea Pig Otitis Media Model Induced by Nonviable Haemophilus Influenzae

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Abstract
To characterize the local response in acute otitis media, courses of interleukin (IL)–1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α in middle ear fluid (MEF) of the guinea pig otitis media model induced by nonviable Haemophilus influenzae were investigated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The IL-1β concentration in H influenzae–inoculated ears peaked 24 hours after inoculation. The IL-8 concentration was significantly higher in H influenzae–inoculated ears than in controls 48 and 96 hours after inoculation. The TNF-α concentration in H influenzae–inoculated ears had an initial peak 6 hours after inoculation and had significant late increases 48 and 96 hours after inoculation. The results suggest that IL-1β and TNF-α were produced by middle ear mucosa in the early stage of the experiment by stimulation of bacterial inoculation, which caused subsequent inflammatory cell accumulation, and that IL-8 and TNF-α were produced in the late stage by accumulating inflammatory cells.