Elk Calf Response to Simulated Mine Disturbance in Southeast Idaho

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Abstract
Impacts of human presence and simulated surface-mining activities on elk (C. elaphus) calf movements, habitat selection patterns, and survival were assessed using a controlled experiment. Compared to undisturbed calves, distributed calves moved greater distances, used larger areas, showed greater use of coniferous forest, and lacked selection for favorable physiographic parameters. Cow/calf pairs readily abandoned their traditional calf-rearing area under human and simulated mining disturbance, although no calf abandonment was documented. Winter survival between groups and between years was similar.

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