Optimal time-window duration for computing time/frequency representations of normal phonocardiograms in dogs

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Abstract
The optimal duration of the time-window used to compute the time-frequency representation (spectrogram) of the phonocardiogram was studied in four dogs by using intracardiac and thoracic measurements of the PCG. The power and cross-spectrograms of the intracardiac and thoracic PCGs were computed using a fast Fourier transform algorithm and a sine-cosine window with 10 per cent decaying functions. A coherence spectrogram was also computed for each dog to study the linear relationship between the two signals and determine the optimal time-window duration. Results show that the optimal range of the time-window duration is between 16 and 32 ms. A time-window shorter than 16ms spreads out low-frequency components into the higher frequencies and generates a spectrographic representation with poor frequency resolution (≥62·5 Hz). A window larger than 32 ms increases the frequency resolution but smears the spectrographic representation of the signal in the time domain and thus cannot correctly reflect the time-varying properties of the signal. In both cases, the amplitude of the coherence function computed between the left ventricular and the thoracic phonocardiograms is overestimated.