A double-disc chopper with improved gating characteristics

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Abstract
A double chopper system is constructed, the gate function of which is similar to that of a slotted but infinitesimally thin disc for a wide velocity range of atomic or molecular beams. Since in this velocity range the gate function is absolutely independent of beam velocity, the time-of-flight (TOF) spectrum is much simpler than when the ordinary disc gate function is used-the function which takes account of their finite thickness. Using this double chopper, TOF measurements to determine the mean residence time of potassium ions on a platinum surface are performed.