A Novel Composite Right-/Left-Handed Coupled-Line Directional Coupler With Arbitrary Coupling Level and Broad Bandwidth
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- 15 March 2004
- journal article
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
- Vol. 52 (3) , 980-992
- https://doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2004.823579
Abstract
A novel composite right-/left-handed (CRLH) backward-wave coupled-line directional coupler with arbitrary coupling level and broad bandwidth is presented, explained by even/odd-mode analysis, validated by full-wave simulations, and demonstrated by experiments. First, the CRLH-transmission-line (CRLH TL) theory is given, and a microstrip implementation of a CRLH TL is described. A simple circuit model is then proposed both for the understanding and design of the coupler. The coupler exhibits very unusual characteristics, such as zero electrical length, imaginary even/odd-mode characteristic impedances, and coupling dependence on even/odd attenuation length (instead of propagation length). Both a quasi-0and 3-dB coupler are demonstrated experimentally. The 3-dB coupler exhibits amplitude balance of /spl plusmn/2 dB over a huge bandwidth of 50% (3.5-5.8 GHz), phase balance of 90/spl deg//spl plusmn/5/spl deg/ from 3.0 to 4.0 GHz and directivity of 20 dB.Keywords
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