Structure determination of CdS and ZnS nanoparticles: Direct modeling of synchrotron-radiation diffraction data

We introduce a modified method of powder-diffraction data analysis to obtain precise structural information on freestanding $\mathrm{ZnS}$ and $\mathrm{CdS}$ nanoparticles with diameters well below $5\mathrm{nm}$ , i.e., in a range where common bulk-derived approaches fail. The method is based on the Debye equation and allows us to access the crystal structure and the size of the particles with high precision. Detailed information on strain, relaxation effects, stacking faults, and the shape of the particles becomes available. We find significant size differences between our new results and those obtained by established methods, and conclude that a mixed zinc-blende/wurtzite stacking and significant lattice distortions occur in our $\mathrm{CdS}$ nanoparticles. Our approach should have direct impact on the understanding and modeling of quantum size effects in nanoparticles.