Increased levels of circulating ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and L-selectin in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

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Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) may be one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular disorders, although the exact mechanism remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we hypothesized that OSAS-induced hypoxic stress might be involved in the etiology of cardiovascular disorders by activating adhesion molecules, including intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and L-selectin. To examine this hypothesis, we measured circulating ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and L-selectin levels before and after sleep in OSAS patients and age-matched controls. The circulating ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and L-selectin levels increased in the OSAS patients before sleep compared with the normal subjects (ICAM-1: 392.9 ± 48.5 vs. 201.2 ± 55.0 ng/ml, P < 0.05; VCAM-1: 811.0 ± 87.8 vs. 574.2 ± 42.7 ng/ml,P < 0.05; L-selectin: 1,386.6 ± 77.9 vs. 1,038.8 ± 78.6 ng/ml, P< 0.01, respectively). After sleep, significantly greater levels of ICAM-1 and L-selectin, but not VCAM-1, were observed in the OSAS group. These observations suggest that OSAS-induced hypoxia activates adhesion molecules, resulting in the important risk factor of cardiovascular disorders. Treatment of OSAS can be, therefore, a potential approach to prevention of cardiovascular events.