Experimental observations of L- and M-shell spectra emitted from plasmas produced by the irradiation of solid targets with single 3.5 ps, KrF laser pulses

Abstract
L‐ and M‐shell x‐ray spectra obtained when solid targets were irradiated by single, 3.5 ps, KrF laser pulses with irradiances above 1016 W cm−2 are presented. Modeling of the experimental conditions with a one‐dimensional hydrocode and time‐dependent atomic physics is shown to be consistent with the experimental results.