Lake restoration by biomanipulation—a personal view

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Abstract
Restoration of over-fertilized, algae-laden lakes and reservoirs has generally been based on removal or reduction of phosphorus inputs and concentrations. However, this approach frequently is not feasible. An alternative is biomanipulation, in which the biota of the water body, particularly the fish population, is manipulated so as to reduce predation on small herbivorous zooplankters. This results in increases in body size of the zooplankters with consequent great increases in grazing rates on the algae. The process, though controversial, has worked in many lakes and offers promise to many more.Key words: biomanipulation, trophic cascade, lake restoration.