Response of intestinal cells of differing topographical and hierarchical status to ten cytotoxic drugs and five sources of radiation

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Abstract
The spacial distribution of cell death among the epithelial cells lining the adult mammalian small intestinal mucosa at various times after a range of doses of 10 different [anticancer] drugs as well as after internal or external irradiation (.beta. particles from tritium .gamma.- rays, X-rays and neutrons) was recorded. Cell death, expressed as pycnosis or apoptosis, was recorded for each cell position by the side of the crypts of the small intestine. The results, in the form of distributions of dead cells at each cell position, show that each of the various cytotoxic agents tends to act preferentially over a characteristic small range of cell positions. Since cell position is likely to be related to hierarchical cell position within a family tree or cell lineage, each agent tends to act with greatest efficiency on cells at a particular position within the lineage. Adriamycin and the various forms of radiation tend to kill cells preferentially at cell position 4-5, i.e., on cells very early in the lineage, probably stem cells. Isopropyl-methanesulfonate, nitrogen mustard and possibly actinomycin D act on cell position 6-7; 5-fluorouracil, myleran, cyclophosphamide and cycloheximide tend to kill cells at cell position 7-9. Vincristine and hydroxyurea are the 2 agents that exhibit a specificity for cells highest up the crypt, i.e., latest in transit population of the cell lineage, by acting on cell positions 10 or 11. Apparently, normal healthy cells continue to migrate up the crypt and onto the villus despite considerable cell death and reduced cell production.