Characteristics of the Immune Response to Poliovirus Virion Polypeptides After Immunization with Live or Inactivated Polio Vaccines

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Abstract
Groups of infants were immunized with high-potency, inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) or live, attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV)and studied for antibody responses to whole virus and polypeptides VP1, VP2,and VP3. Both vaccines induced neutralizing and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgG to the whole virus, IgG antibody to VP1 and VP3, and similar secretory IgA to VP1 and VP2 in the nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) without any VP3 response. Virus-specific neutralizing activity in NPS was observed in 70% of subjects receiving OPV and in only 26.7% of subjects receiving IPV. ELISA antibody also appeared to be lower in IPV than in OPV subjects. These observations suggest that specific ELISA antibody to poliovirus virion proteins can be frequently induced in the secretory sites, by DPV as well as by IPV. Neutralizing antibody response in the NPS appeared, however, to be more effectively induced by DPV than by the high-potency IPV.