Ceftezole, a new cephalosporin C derivative. II. Distribution and excretion in parenteral administration.

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Abstract
The distribution of ceftezole in blood and tissues and its excretion after i.m. or i.v. administration of single doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg were compared with those of cefazolin, cephaloridine and cephalothin. Blood levels of ceftezole in rats and rabbits were lower than those of cefazolin, and higher than those of cephaloridine and cephalothin. Retention time of ceftezole in the blood was somewhat shorter than that of cefazolin. Blood levels of ceftezole in dogs were nearly the same as those of cefazolin and cephaloridine. The rate of urinary excretion of ceftezole in 24 h urine after administration in rats and rabbits was higher than those of the other antibiotics tested. In dogs the rate of urinary excretion of ceftezole was nearly the same as that of cefazolin and higher than those of cephaloridine and cephalothin. The biliary excretion of ceftezole in rats and dogs was much higher than those of cephaloridine and cephalothin, but lower than that of cefazolin. Tissue distribution of ceftezole in rats was compared with that of the other antibiotics by i.m. and i.v. administration. The initial level of ceftezole in the kidneys was substantially higher than those of the other antibiotics. The initial level of ceftezole in the liver and lungs was also slightly higher than those of the other drugs when administered i.m. Tissue levels of ceftezole were somewhat lower than those of cefazolin in rabbits after i.v. administration. Ceftezole attained a higher maximum level in rat lymph by i.m. administration than the other antibiotics tested. The maximum concentration of ceftezole present in the exudate in the rat inflammatory pouch was higher than that of cefazolin. In rabbits with cerebrospinal meningitis induced by infection of Streptococcus pyogenes, the level of ceftezole in the CSF was several times higher than that in normal rabbits. The serum level and urinary excretion of ceftezole was examined in 6 healthy male volunteers after i.m. administration of a single dose of 500 mg. Ceftezole attained a mean maximum serum level of 22.9 .mu.g/ml 30 min after administration and disappeared from the blood in about 6 h. It was excreted rapidly in the urine. The concentration in 1 h urine was the highest (mean level: 2667 .mu.g/ml) and the total excretion rate was 92.6%. No metabolites with antimicrobial activity were observed in the urine. No changes in the pattern of plasma level and urinary excretion and no accumulation in the tissues were observed after repeated i.m. administration of 20 mg/kg of ceftezole in rabbits, 26 times, for 14 days.

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