Metamaterial-Based Electronically Controlled Transmission-Line Structure as a Novel Leaky-Wave Antenna With Tunable Radiation Angle and Beamwidth
Top Cited Papers
- 13 December 2004
- journal article
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
- Vol. 52 (12) , 2678-2690
- https://doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2004.838302
Abstract
A metamaterial-based electronically controlled transmission-line structure is presented and demonstrated as a novel leaky-wave (LW) antenna with tunable radiation angle and beamwidth functionalities. This structure is in essence a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) microstrip structure incorporating varactor diodes for fixed-frequency voltage-controlled operation. Angle scanning at a fixed frequency is achieved by modulating the capacitances of the structure by adjusting the (uniform) bias voltage applied to the varactors. Beamwidth tuning is obtained by making the structure nonuniform by application of a nonuniform bias voltage distribution of the varactors. A rigorous analysis based on an extension of the CRLH concept is proposed and the corresponding dispersion curves, obtained by equivalent-circuit formulas with LC parameters extracted from full-wave simulation, are shown. A 30-cell LW antenna structure, incorporating both series and shunt varactors for optimal impedance matching and maximal tuning range, is designed. This prototype exhibits continuous scanning capability from 50/spl deg/ to -49/spl deg/ by tuning the bias voltages from 0 to 21 V at 3.33 GHz. A maximum gain of 18 dBi at broadside is also achieved. In addition, it provides half-power beamwidth variation of up to 200% with comparison to the case of uniform biasing. The effect of intermodulation due to the nonlinearity of the varactors is shown to be negligible for antenna applications. The antenna is tested in a 10-Mb/s binary phase-shift key transmission link and successful recovery of the baseband data is demonstrated.Keywords
This publication has 28 references indexed in Scilit:
- A Novel Composite Right-/Left-Handed Coupled-Line Directional Coupler With Arbitrary Coupling Level and Broad BandwidthIEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2004
- Characteristics of the composite right/left-handed transmission linesIEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 2004
- Novel microwave devices and structures based on the transmission line approach of meta-materialsPublished by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ,2003
- A backward-wave antenna based on negative refractive index L-C networksPublished by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ,2003
- Antenna beamwidth control using parasitic subarraysPublished by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ,2002
- Dominant mode leaky-wave antenna with backfire-to-endfire scanning capabilityElectronics Letters, 2002
- Experimental verification of backward-wave radiation from a negative refractive index metamaterialJournal of Applied Physics, 2002
- A versatile leaky-wave antenna based on stub-loaded rectangular waveguide .I. TheoryIEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1998
- Millimeter-Wave AntennasPublished by Springer Nature ,1988
- Microstrip leaky wave strip antennasPublished by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ,1986