Associations of the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor A 1166 C and the Endothelial NO Synthase G 894 T Gene Polymorphisms With Silent Subcortical White Matter Lesions in Essential Hypertension

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Abstract
Background and Purpose— Silent white matter lesions (WMLs) may represent early target organ damage of the brain in patients with hypertension. Because these lesions may have a genetic background, we assessed the associations between polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system and the endothelial NO synthase (NOS3) genes and silent WMLs. Methods— Ninety-three hypertensive individuals were studied. MRI of the brain was performed to obtain estimates of the total volume of subcortical and the extent of periventricular WMLs. Patients were genotyped for the angiotensinogen (M 235 T), the angiotensin-converting enzyme (insertion/deletion [I/D]), the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1 A 1166 C), and the NOS3 (G 894 T) genes. A linear regression model was used to assess the relationship of these gene polymorphisms with both subtypes of WMLs. Results— When adjusted for age, diabetes mellitus, and blood pressure, subcortical WML volume was lowest in the presence of 1 or 2 AGTR1 C alleles (unstandardized β, −38.8 [95% CI, −66.1 to −11.4] and −112.6 [CI, −188.9 to −36.4], respectively), whereas it was highest in the presence of an NOS3 T allele (3.1 [CI, 3.6 to 58.4]). No interaction between these polymorphisms on WMLs could be demonstrated. No associations were present with the other polymorphisms, either with subcortical or periventricular lesions. Conclusions— We found the AGTR1 A 1166 C as well as the NOS3 G 894 T polymorphisms to be associated with silent WMLs in the subcortical area.