LY294002 inhibits monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 expression through a phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase‐independent mechanism

Abstract
The effects of LY294002 (LY29) and wortmannin (WM), inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K), on monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) expression by human umbilical vein endothelial cells were investigated. Complete inhibition of interleukin (IL)‐1β‐induced Akt phosphorylation occurred at 50 μM LY29 or 100 nM WM. At these concentrations, LY29, but not WM, significantly inhibited constitutive and IL‐1β‐induced MCP‐1 expression at both protein and mRNA levels. LY303511 (LY30), an inactive analogue of LY29, also inhibited MCP‐1 expression. LY29 and LY30 inhibited activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB). These results suggest that LY29 inhibits MCP‐1 expression at least in part via suppression of NF‐κB, independent of PI3K, and the structure of LY29 and LY30 may be a novel template for development of new anti‐inflammatory drugs.