Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Shiga Toxin and Shiga-like Toxin II Using P1 Glycoprotein from Hydatid Cysts

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Abstract
Shiga toxin from Shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains and Shiga-like toxins (SLT)I and II from Escherichia coli bind to terminal α-D-Galp-(1→4)-D-Galp containing g1ycolipids. Hydatid cyst fluid isolated from sheep infected with Echinococcus granulosus contains a glycoprotein (P1gp) with a terminal α-D-Galp-(1→4)-D-Galp disaccharide. Preparations of Pigp were shown to interact directly with Shiga toxin and to inhibit the binding and cytotoxicity of Shiga toxin to HeLa cells. A sandwich ELISAwas developed using preparations of P1gp as the toxin capture molecule, which, with an appropriate polyclonal antibody, was capable of detecting as little as 80 pg/well Shiga toxin and 132 pg/well SLT-II. Thus, the Pjgp-toxin interaction forms the basis for a simple antigen-capture ELISAthat may be useful clinically for the rapid detection and quantitation of Shiga and Shiga-like toxins.