Molecular association in liquids I. Molecular association due to lone-pair electrons

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Abstract
This paper aims at giving a general survey of the part played by lone-pair electrons in the range of phenomena commonly classified under the heading of molecular association, with particular emphasis on the liquid state. The position of lone-pair electrons on a molecule and the factors determining their availability for forming intermolecular links are discussed in terms of molecular orbital theory. This is followed by an examination of the way in which these association forces influence the structure of large aggregates of molecules as in liquids. The lines along which a quantitative theory of associated liquids may be developed are indicated.

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