Headspace Sorptive Extraction (HSSE), Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE), and Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) Applied to the Analysis of Roasted Arabica Coffee and Coffee Brew

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Abstract
Headspace sorptive extraction (HSSE) and stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), two recently introduced solventless enrichment techniques, have been applied to the analysis of the headspace of Arabica roasted coffee and of the headspace of the brew and of the brew itself. In both HSSE and SBSE enrichment is performed on a thick film of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coated onto a magnet incorporated in a glass jacket. Sampling is done by placing the PDMS stir bar in the headspace (gas phase extraction or HSSE) or by immersing it in the liquid (liquid phase extraction or SBSE). The stir bar is then thermally desorbed on-line with capillary GC-MS. The performance of HSSE and SBSE have been compared through the determination of the recoveries and relative abundances of 16 components of the coffee volatile fraction to classical static headspace (S-HS) and to headspace and in-sample solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME and IS-SPME, respectively) applying the fibers PDMS 100 μm, Carbowax/divinylbenzene 65 μm (CW/DVB), Carboxen/PDMS 75 μm (CAR/PDMS), polyacrylate 85 μm (PA), PDMS/divinylbenzene 65 μm (PDMS/DVB), and Carboxen/divinylbenzene/PDMS 50−30 μm (CAR/PDMS/DVB). In all cases, HSSE and SBSE gave higher recoveries, and this is entirely due to the high amount of PDMS applied. Keywords: Headspace sorptive extraction (HSSE); stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE); static headspace (S-HS); solid phase microextraction (SPME); Arabica roasted coffee; coffee brew