Pyroelectric Effect in Barium Titanate Ceramic

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Abstract
The pyroelectric coefficient (at constant stress) of a 95 wt% BaTiO3, 5 wt% CaTiO3 ceramic composition (Clevite Ceramic B) was measured over the temperature range from 4.9° to 400°K. Extrema in the pyroelectric coefficient were observed at the rhombohedral‐orthorhombic transition point (150°–170°K), the orthorhombic‐tetragonal transition point (240°–260°K), and the tetragonal‐cubic transition point (Curie point, at 387°K). The pyroelectric coefficient showed no anomalous behavior below 150°K. A spontaneous polarization curve derived from the pyroelectric results is compared with published single‐crystal measurements. The ceramic results can be completely interpreted by means of a model describing switching of domain orientations at phase transitions.