Abstract
The paper explores the historical context in which pre- and post-Confederation water policies were developed in Canada. It is apparent that water-related policies were more often incidental to other pursuits like fisheries, transportation and agriculture than a coherent subject area in their own right until after the second world war. Cooperative arrangements for water management with provinces and with the United States have multiplied in the recent past, increasing the pressure for strengthened organization and coordination of federal agencies.

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