Exploration of the common bile duct—the relevance of the clinical picture and the importance of peroperative cholangiography

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Abstract
A series of 500 cholecystectomies performed over a 7-year period was reviewed retrospectively. The reliability of preoperative clinical features such as jaundice and pancreatitis was assessed in determining the presence of choledocholithiasis, and was found to be of limited value. Investigations such as intravenous cholangiography and liver function tests were found also to be inaccurate in the detection of common duct stones as was the appearance of the duct at operation. The usefulness of the peroperative cholangiogram in the detection of common duct stones that would otherwise have been overlooked is emphasized. Common duct stones would have remained undetected in 25 per cent of patients with choledocholithiasis. Despite the use of routine peroperative cholangiography common duct stones were overlooked in 11·25 per cent of patients who underwent exploration.