Immunocytochemical localization of the Heymann nephritis antigen (GP330) in glomerular epithelial cells of normal Lewis rats

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Abstract
The nephritogenic antigen of Heymann''s nephritis (HN) was previously purified from tubular brush-border fractions of rat kidney and found to be a 330,000-MW glycoprotein (gp330). A study was conducted to determine whether gp330 is also present in the rat glomerulus and, if so, to establish where in the glomerulus it is located. Rabbit polyclonal and mouse monoclonal antibodies were raised against purified gp330, which specifically immunoprecipitated gp330 from solubilized brush-border fractions, and specifically stained microvilli and coated invaginations (located at the base of the microvilli) of proximal tubule cells. They were used to localize gp330 by immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry in glomeruli of normal Lewis rats. For immunoprecipitation, purified glomeruler fractions were prepared from [35S]methionine-labeled kidneys, extracted with Triton X-100, and the extract was used for immunoprecipitation with affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal, or mouse monoclonal, anti-gp330 IgG. Analysis of immunoprecipitates by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis fluorography indicated that a band corresponding in mobility to gp330 was specifically precipitated. When unfixed cryostat sections were incubated for indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal or affinity-purified polyclonal IgG, a fine granular fluorescent staining was seen throughout the glomerulus. When aldehyde-fixed cryostat sections were incubated for indirect immunoperoxidase, reaction product was detected only in the epithelial cells and was not seen in the GBM [glomerular basement membrane], endothelium or magnesium. Within the epithelium, it was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, occasional Golgi elements, multivesicular bodies and coated pits at the cell surface. The reactive coated pits were distributed all along the cell membrane, including the sides and base of the foot processes. Reaction product was detected in the latter location only in sections that had been digested with neuraminidase before antibody incubation. When rats were given rabbit anti-gp330 IgG by i.v. injection and their kidneys stained for direct immunoperoxidase 3 days later, rabbit IgG was deposited beneath the slit diaphragms and in the coated pits at the base of the foot processes. The immunocytochemical and immunoprecipitaton data indicate, confirming previous results, that the nephritogenic HN antigen is present in renal glomeruli and in proximal tubular brush borders. The immunocytochemical results further demonstrate that gp330 is an epithelial, rather than a GBM, antigen. It appears to be synthesized by glomerular epithelial cells and subsequently becomes concentrated in coated pits. As both the endogenous antigen (gp330) and exogenously administered anti-gp330 antibody were localized to coated pits, coated pigs located at the base of the foot processes probably are the sites where the HN antigen (gp330) and circulating antibodies directed against gp330 meet, and where immune complexes are formed.