Combined statistical study of joint angles and ground reaction forces using component and multiple correspondence analysis

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Abstract
The purpose of this research is to propose a general methodology to draw gait patterns when including hip, knee and ankle angle excursions in the sagital plane and the three components of the ground reaction force. The multidimensional signal analysis procedure is divided into three main stages: 1) describing the six signals of each step through sliding averages computed for successive time windows, 2) analyzing separately the six step-by-window tables obtained for each signal through principal component analysis to reduce the excessive quantity of data, and 3) analyzing the most informative time windows of the six signals at the same time. To emphasize both linear and nonlinear relationships between the respective time windows, the signal range within a window is cut into fuzzy modalities such as, "low" "medium" and "large." The resulting table is investigated using multiple correspondence analysis. The outcomes are gait patterns combining both time and space aspects. The factor planes obtained from multiple correspondence analysis constitute initial data models so that new data obtained from pathological gait can be directly projected onto them. Such an operation can be used to show how the rehabilitation of a particular subject evolves in relation to normal gait patterns.