Classification of nine species and subspecies of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae: Glossina Wiedemann) based on molecular genetics and breeding data

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Abstract
Adults from 9 taxa of tsetse flies (Glossina [G. palpalis palpalis, G. palpalis gambiensis, G. fuscipes fuscipes, G. tachinoides, G. austeni, G. morsitans submorsitans, G. morsitans centralis, G. morsitans morsitans and G. pallidipes]) were examined by polyacrylamide electrophoresis and banding patterns for 12 enzymes were determined and interpreted in terms of allele frequencies. Tetrazolium oxidase and manganese-stimulated malic acid dehydrogenase were monomorphic in each taxon. Arginine phosphokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and an esterase from testes were controlled by X-chromosome loci. Seven enzymes (xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, octanol dehydrogenase, an esterase, an .alpha.-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, malic acid dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase) were controlled by autosomal loci. With the exception of G. morsitans submorsitans, members of the G. morsitans group had higher average heterozygosity per locus than did members of the G. palpalis group. A phenogram, based on mean genetic identities, placed G. austeni in the G. palpalis group, rather than in the G. morsitans group. Electropherograms indicated substantial genetic differences between G. m. submorsitans and other subspecies of G. morsitans s.l. A strong postmating barrier prevented hybridization of G. m. submorsitans with G. m. morsitans and G. m. centralis. Using the X-chromosome loci ocra and salmon as markers, genetical recombination was not observed in hybrids of G. m. morsitans and G. m. centralis.

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